Transfusão de sangue artificial?
Durante muito tempo as transfusões de sangue poderiam dar errado por causa da incompatibilidade sanguínea de doadores e receptores. Hoje em dia, testes de compatibilidade sanguínea estão acessíveis. Porém, o problema não foi totalmente solucionado. Ainda existem pessoas com tipos sanguíneos raríssimos com poucos doadores disponíveis.
Para contornar o problema da compatibilidade e a falta de tipos específicos nos bancos de sangue, cientistas da Bristol University divulgaram o sucesso da transfusão de sangue contendo hemácias geradas em laboratório a partir de células-tronco.
Até então, as células-tronco dos próprios pacientes eram usadas como matéria-prima. Desta vez, os cientistas conseguiram gerar uma grande quantidade de hemácias a partir de doadores de células-tronco. Esse método aumentaria o valor de lotes de sangue raro, que também poderiam ser usados para tipos sanguíneos mais comuns. Também englobaria pacientes com distúrbios sanguíneos, como anemia falciforme e talassemia, que necessitam de transfusões a cada quatro a seis semanas.
Por enquanto, mais testes serão feitos, mas a previsão é que daqui 15 anos o novo método possa ser utilizado definitivamente.
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